Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Challenging Religion through the Women’s Right

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Challenging Religion through the Womens Right MovementElizabeth Cady Stanton was a potent writer who believed on the abolition of slavery and that womens voice should be heard. Stanton, along with other members of the woman suffrage movement recognized how the Christian church building supported mens oppressive behavior toward women. She realized that womens position in the Church became so deteriorated that horrifying acts against women became justified and accepted by the public. The only points in which I differ from all ecclesiastical teaching is that I do not believe that any man ever axiom or talked with God, I do not believe that God inspired the Mosaic code, or told the historians what they say he did about woman, for all the religions on the exhibit of the earth degrade her, and so long as woman accepts the position that they assign her, her emancipation is impossible. Elizabeth Cady Stanton wrote these lines in the Womans Bible as a wake up call fo r women who were accepting and taking for granted their own value in the eyes of God. Moreover, Stanton was aware that she was fighting against an institution that has taken apart womens rights from its sacred books and conveniently has created a patriarchal nation that was the setting for a perpetuate abuse against womens rights. The words of Thomas Aquinas, the thirteenth vitamin C Christian theologian, summarizes what the Church and society itself followed and still believed during the 19th century woman was created to be mans help meet, but her unique role is in conceptionsince for other purposes men would be better assisted by other men. Cady Stanton revises the Bible in 1881, considering that this action was needed, since no women participa... ... not acceptable fit to the Christian Holy book. Therefore, solutions to womens issues regarding mens oppressive acts can be heard and Gods word would not be hurl responsible for sexist behaviors that keep women into the darkness of silence.ReferencesBlaney, Mary. Role of Women in the Catholic Church. 14 April 2004. http//www.votf.org/papers/A WomansPlace.htmlTrinity Stores Icons and Art, Religious Gifts, Catholic & Christian Products. 14 April 2004.http//www.trinitystores.com/main.php4?detail=39&artist=1Women and the World. 14 April 2004. http//www2.dsu.nodak.edu/users/demeier/women/women.htmlSchools of 19th Century Christian Feminism. 14 April 2004. http//www.erasofelegance.com/gender2.htmlStanton, Cady Elizabeth. The Womans Bible. The Complete Text in deuce Volumes 14 April 2004http//www.undelete.org/library/library0041.html

What To Do About Ethnic Cleans Essay -- essays research papers

WHAT TO DO ABOUT ETHNIC CLEANSING?BACKGROUND PAPERIn 1994, agitation swept through the Maryland-sized African nation of Rwanda. Thousands of Hutu extremists launched a massive assault on the Tutsi, who traditionally make up Rwandas upper class, killing hundreds of thousands of innocent wad (Night Rider &8211 most days). The United States at present responded to this slaughter by turning the other way, denying that a problem existed until years after the genocide had ceased. In 1999, social cleanup (hostility between ethnic groups) broke out in Kosovo in a less severe form. This time, instead of being killed, the Kosovars were driven out of their homes and neighborhoods. This time, United States and NATO forces immediately confronted the problem by launching a substantial air fight on the area. Clearly, the doctrine for ethnic purifying is widely varied, and merits further discussion.Ethnic cleansing is a phrase for an attempt to purge an area of an unwanted ethnic group. It ca n include deportation, intimidation, and acts of genocide or mass murder. (Encarta, Ethnic cleansing). It occurs most frequently in tercet world countries. Whenever it arises, it is followed by a host of moral questions. Do we just stay out completely and allow the country to deal with its own problems? Or, if we nail down to take action, do we merely send medical aid or help militarily? Should we send in the army? Or is an air war the only acceptable option? It all comes down to an ethical issue, with one group insisting that preventing the loss of lives is paramount. The other side states that ethnic cleansing is caused by a fundamental disagreement between two ethnic groups, so unless we allow the groups to resolve their own issues, they can never be content and productive. Whenever any(prenominal) human rights issue breaks out, there are differing opinions on the appropriate course of action. The difference in the case of ethnic cleansing is that this issue is much more(pren ominal) critical than almost any other human rights issue. In the case of ethnic cleansing, the United States approach to intervention could determine the fates of thousands of people. In cases of extreme ethnic cleansing, intervention can take place on an international level, with many nations cooperating in an attempt to br... ... not affect its neighbors adversely. This middle ground supports certain split of both sides. It believes that while the country should be allowed to conduct its own internal affairs as it sees fit, as soon as the conflict oversteps the nations borders, we must interfere to prevent the trouble from spreading as it did during the holocaust. At the present moment, the pro-action side is most influential in determining strategies for dealing with ethnic cleansing. This is illustrated by the Kosovo conflict. barely a few years previously, the anti-action approach was in favor no outside intervention occurred during the Rwandan genocide. No predictions for ecast an end to the issues of ethnic cleansing. As immense as distinction can be made between groups, that distinction leave be made, and as long as that distinction is made, there will be a few warmongers who will take advantage and cause bloodshed. Although the madness of a few people will not always spread, one time in a while it will go out of control, leading to a massive genocide such as in Germany and Rwanda. And when there is some other massive wholesale destruction, what will the world powers do about it?

Taoism and Western Moral Philosophy Essay -- Kant, Mill, and Lao Tzu

Taoism presents a moral philosophy that at first seems genuinely different from most Hesperian moral philosophies which, though actually different, unremarkably understand pietism as a set of restraints on behavior or a common set of principles (common virtues). Western moral philosophy, in general, emphasizes limit behavior that stems from desire. Taosims emphasis is dealing directly with controlling ones desire by eliminating them. Taoism and western moral philosophy deal with desire but Taoism deals with it directly and western morality often only tries to stem the effect of desire. both systems see in man that he does not naturally desire the grievous and consecutive or the Way. Desire is the root of evil. Only when we desire something bad do we act bad. Thus, as in western moral philosophy, we can bid an fillip to not act on ones desire or, as in the case of Taoism, desire can be eliminated. The result of both moral systems is the selfsame(prenominal)--moral behavior. Both systems of morality try to encourage man to act better than he naturally is. Whether you call it the Way, the Ten Commandments, or the categorical imperative they deal with the same thing. Mans constitutional state is fallen, whether he has fallen from grace or lost his Way, all great societies invite realized that man is in need of help. This is dead on target for disastrous Elk who was given a vision to help man and Socrates who felt that man needed to be saved from his own ignorance. moral systems, by their very nature, have observed and concluded that when man is left to fulfill his individual desires, without respect to others and the greater good, nothing good can come from it. all(prenominal) societies have functioned around this principle from the beginning of civilization. Further, unlike many other moral ph... ...nctions about what need and want mean and are thereby adapted to occupy it properly to the texts of the mentioned philosophers. These distinctions h ave allowed us to understand how need and want bear on Kant, Mill, and Lao Tzus moral philosophy and how, under these moral guidelines, we should behave.ReferencesKant, Immanuel. 1993. creation for the Metaphysics of Morals, On a Supposed Right to Lie because of Philanthropic Concerns, 3rd Edition. Indianapolis, Indiana Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.Mill, John Stuart. 1979. Utilitarianism. Indianapolis, Indiana Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.Lao Tzu. 1983. The Way of liveness . new-fashioned York, New York Mentor, Penguin GroupConfucius. 1989. The Analects of Confucius. New York Vintage Books a Division of Random House, Inc.George Orwell. 1946. Politics and the English Language . Found on WWW. Taoism and Western Moral Philosophy Essay -- Kant, Mill, and Lao TzuTaoism presents a moral philosophy that at first seems very different from most western moral philosophies which, though very different, usually understand morality as a set of restraints on behavior or a common set of principles (common virtues). Western moral philosophy, in general, emphasizes constraining behavior that stems from desire. Taosims emphasis is dealing directly with controlling ones desire by eliminating them. Taoism and western moral philosophy deal with desire but Taoism deals with it directly and western morality often only tries to stem the effect of desire. Both systems see in man that he does not naturally desire the good and true or the Way. Desire is the root of evil. Only when we desire something bad do we act bad. Thus, as in western moral philosophy, we can provide an incentive to not act on ones desire or, as in the case of Taoism, desire can be eliminated. The result of both moral systems is the same--moral behavior. Both systems of morality try to encourage man to act better than he naturally is. Whether you call it the Way, the Ten Commandments, or the categorical imperative they deal with the same thing. Mans inherent state is fallen, whether he has f allen from grace or lost his Way, all great societies have realized that man is in need of help. This is true for Black Elk who was given a vision to help man and Socrates who felt that man needed to be saved from his own ignorance. Moral systems, by their very nature, have observed and concluded that when man is left to fulfill his individual desires, without respect to others and the greater good, nothing good can come from it. All societies have functioned around this principle from the beginning of civilization. Further, unlike many other moral ph... ...nctions about what need and want mean and are thereby able to relate it properly to the texts of the mentioned philosophers. These distinctions have allowed us to understand how need and want bear on Kant, Mill, and Lao Tzus moral philosophy and how, under these moral guidelines, we should behave.ReferencesKant, Immanuel. 1993. Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, On a Supposed Right to Lie because of Philanthropic Concerns, 3rd Edition. Indianapolis, Indiana Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.Mill, John Stuart. 1979. Utilitarianism. Indianapolis, Indiana Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.Lao Tzu. 1983. The Way of Life . New York, New York Mentor, Penguin GroupConfucius. 1989. The Analects of Confucius. New York Vintage Books a Division of Random House, Inc.George Orwell. 1946. Politics and the English Language . Found on WWW.

Kudler Fine Foods Database Analysis Essay -- Business Database Invento

Kudler Fine Foods Database AnalysisOverviewKudler Fines Foods is a rapidly growing small business located in Southern California. Founded in 1998, Kudler specializes in providing quality bon vivant foods to a wide range of customers.When Kudler opened its first store back in 1998, Microsoft Access was chosen as the database platform used to track inventory, orders and customers. succession this ab initio proved to be an adequate solution, it has since outgrown its usefulness. Now with three stores and a fourth due to open soon, a new database management system must(prenominal) be put into place.One of the most detrimental problems with the Microsoft Access database is that it is limited to a file size of only two gigabytes. While this may initially seem like a large files size, it layabout rapidly grow and eventually reach this maximum size in a relatively little amount of time. This one drawback alone is reason enough to pursue a better solution.Another aspect of Microsoft Acc ess that does not scale well is that it leave alone not accommodate multiple users simultaneously. The database needs to be updated continuously by multiple users at each store. Running one instance of Microsoft SQL Server 2000 in a centralized location could easily handle the database needs of all of the store locations. Connections to the database could be made via Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections over the Internet. Updates to the database can be further streamlined by developing and utilizing a web based interface. The best solution for Kudler Fine Foods would be to implement an enterprise take database solution. Microsoft SQL Server 2000 would be a great fit for the database needs of Kudler Fine Foods. Microsoft SQL Server 2000 will easily meet the current needs of Kudler Fine Foods and overly meet their needs of the future as they continue their growth.Existing Database OverviewCurrently the Kudler database contains nine prorogues. Each table is designedto support and facilitate the filling of orders set(p) by customers in the stores. Based upon the description of the tables that was posted on Kudlers intranet and our analysis, the tables may be described in the following mannerThe Customer table contains demographic data for each of Kudlers customers. The data in this table is used to access the name and address of customers for order processing and for special maili... ... in Windows NT would automatically change and update the SQL Server password. If separate logins are desired, they will also be possible with the Mixed Authentication offered through Microsoft SQL Server 2000. The warranter settings will be able to be further customized by the use of permissions and roles. A permission allows a user to do something within the database, whether it is accessing and manipulating data or creating new objects within the database. These settings can be individualized, or given to a group of users by roles. Grouping the users into roles, either pay heedr or database roles, allows a substance to assign permissions to multiple users at one time. For example, a salesperson would not dumbfound the same permissions as a manager probably would.ConclusionThe changes and updates that we have outline throughout this paper would greatly improve and enhance Kudlers operations. This would be a much more effective, efficient database that would not only serve them well today, but allow for growth for tomorrow.ReferencesDeveloper.com Retrieved on June 3, 2005, on the World Wide Web http//www.developer.com/tech/article.php/10923_721441_1

Fiction Authors :: Biographies

Fiction AuthorsFor more than half a century science fiction writers have thrilled andchallenged readers with visions of the future and future worlds. Theseauthors offered an insight into what they expected existence, society, and mannersto be like at some future time. One such author, Ray Bradbury, utilizedthis concept in his work, Fahrenheit 451, a futuristic whole tone at a man andhis role in society. Bradbury utilizes the luxuries of carriage in Americatoday, in addition to various occupations and technological advances, toshow what life could be like if the future takes a drastic turn for theworse. He turns mans best friend, the dog, against man, changes the roleof public servants and changes the value of a person.Aldous Huxley also uses the concept of society proscribed of control in hisscience fiction novel Brave New World. Written late in his career, BraveNew World also deals with man in a changed society. Huxley asks his readersto look at the role of science and literatu re in the future world, scaredthat it may be rendered useless and discarded. Unlike Bradbury, Huxleyincludes in his book a group of people unaffected by the changes in society,a group that still has religious beliefs and marriage, things no longerpart of the changed society, to oppose and contrast todays culture withhis proposed futuristic culture.But one thought that both Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451 use in common isthe theme of individual discovery by refusing to accept a passive approachto life, and refusing to conform. In addition, the refusal of variousmethods of escape from reality is shown to be a path to discovery. In BraveNew World, the main characters of Bernard Marx and the Savage boy Johnboth come to realize the faults with their own cultures. In Fahrenheit 451Guy Montag begins to discover that things could be better in his societybut, sue to some uncontrollable events, his discover happens much fasterthan it would have. He is forced out on his own, away from soc iety, to spankingwith others like himself who think differently that the society does.Marx, from the civilized culture, seriously questions the lack of historythat his society has. He also wonders as to the lack of books, bannedbecause they were ancient and did not encourage the new culture. By visiting areservation, home of an uncivilized culture of savages, he is able to seefirst hand something of what life and society use to be like. Afterwards hereturns and attempts to incorporate some of what he saw into his work as an

Fiction Authors :: Biographies

Fiction AuthorsFor more than half a century erudition fiction writers have thrilled andchallenged readers with visions of the future and future worlds. Theseauthors offered an insight into what they expected man, society, and lifeto be like at nearly future time. One such author, Ray Bradbury, utilizedthis concept in his work, Fahrenheit 451, a futuristic look at a man andhis role in society. Bradbury utilizes the luxuries of life in Americatoday, in addition to various occupations and technological advances, toshow what life could be like if the future takes a drastic turn for theworse. He turns mans top hat friend, the dog, against man, changes the roleof public servants and changes the value of a person.Aldous Huxley also uses the concept of society out of control in hisscience fiction novel Brave raw World. Written late in his career, BraveNew World also deals with man in a changed society. Huxley asks his readersto look at the role of science and publications in the future world, scaredthat it may be rendered useless and discarded. Unlike Bradbury, Huxleyincludes in his book a group of people unaffected by the changes in society,a group that still has religious beliefs and marriage, things no longerpart of the changed society, to compare and contrast todays culture withhis proposed futuristic culture.But one theme that two Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451 use in common isthe theme of individual reckony by refusing to accept a passive nearto life, and refusing to conform. In addition, the refusal of variousmethods of escape from reality is shown to be a path to discovery. In BraveNew World, the main characters of Bernard Marx and the Savage boy Johnboth come to realize the faults with their own cultures. In Fahrenheit 451Guy Montag begins to discover that things could be better in his societybut, sue to some uncontrollable events, his discover happens much fasterthan it would have. He is forced out on his own, away from society, to livewith other s like himself who think differently that the society does.Marx, from the civilized culture, seriously questions the deficiency of historythat his society has. He also wonders as to the lack of books, bannedbecause they were old and did not encourage the new culture. By visiting areservation, substructure of an uncivilized culture of savages, he is able to seefirst hand something of what life and society use to be like. Afterwards hereturns and attempts to incorporate some of what he saw into his work as an

President Buddha

Buddhism states that Amitabha did non in fact create the world this is because the world is so impure and detestable and Amitabha is far superior and immaculate to ever have created the world. In a government run by this Buddhistic principle it would be a continuous effort being make to reiterate the fact that the world is evil and a chance would be done in order to try and purify this state of being. Thus, a lot would change in a government run with the Buddhist belief From healthcare to employment, the changes of such(prenominal) a society would be immense and drastic.The main belief of Buddhist is a state of Nirvana, and it is with this state that the rules governing the country would be based. This paper will explore the hypothesis of a Buddhist government, the changes it would make, and how it would affect the lives of the the great unwashed from their jobs to what is held sacred in this world. Buddhism is based on the teaching of Siddhartha, who is known universally as Bud dha (Delahunt, 2006). In the Buddhist belief, suffering is a part of life, not an feeling or state of being outside of the natural world.In the ancient Buddhist teachings, suffering can be superceded or be traversed by the Buddhist learner who acquires mental and moral self-purification (Delahunt). Thus, a government based on Buddhist beliefs would have campaign slogans and propaganda commercials illustrating the belief that although one is suffering now with gas prices, war, low health care and lack of job security, can all be overcome with meditation and proper spiritual guidance. Therefore in a Buddhist government part of the health care system would offer spiritual therapy in order to come to this spiritual enlightenment.Since the philosophy of Buddhism requires an abandonment of material possessions, the mundane life is transitory. Therefore, the market industry under a Buddhist run government would have a failing import export scenario but on the other hand the country wou ld be self-sufficient and harvest their own necessary food supplies which would definitely bring job security to farmers. A major(ip) issue that would arise from this would be corporate run farms and the individual farmer it would seem that individual farmers would be the main occupation of the worker under this government.Buddhism does not render revelation to be intrinsically involved in their religion because God knows all and this knowledge is passed on to them, , In the Buddhist scriptures, there is something unco indistinct and evanescent there is the spirit of the disintegration, of the dispersal of individuality. The I does not act resolutely. (Otto 97). In Buddhism, sickness would heal itself through death and when Nirvana was reached, such earthly trivialities would be of no concern.Corpulent emotions and feelings would be annihilated in Nirvana while in heaven an over flooding of love and forgiveness would be the reality. In this line of thinking health insurance would have a drastically low rate of sales since death was conceptualized as an extension of life, and the gain margin on this would have no lasting effect on a Buddhist government since material possessions such as money or items money can buy would become un-important the general psyche and welfare of the people.Bibliography Delahunt, Michael. Buddhist Art. 2006. http//www. artlex. com/ArtLex/b/Buddhism. html Otto, Rudolf. Buddhism and Christianity Compared and Contrasted. Ed. Trans. Philip C. Almond. University of Hawaii. 1984. Ser-Odjav, Namsrain. (March, 1986). Treasures of Mongolia. UNESCO Courier. http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1986_March/ai_4153135

Critisism of the microcredit if NGOs in Bangladesh

The criticism of integrated circuit programs of Nags in Bangladesh A query piece exercised by M. Hoses suicide MS bicycle no. 09122453 session 2012-13 Department of Economics Satiny Kabuki Kaki Unusual Islam University. Email address emailprotected Com Rant Johan Roll no. 09122444 Email address Acknowledgement It is a great honor for us to work on the assigned topic and we feel glad to action our task. Along with our sincerity and interest, there be few people, who really helped us to make this endeavor to be a successful one.At first, we would like to pass our appreciation, gratitude and give thanks to our honorable teacher MD. Backchat Duding. His valuable suggestions and ideas in e genuinely step of our work helped us a lot to prep are this paper. Special thanks are due to the people of Trials Apical for helping us in collecting the required information for the work. Finally, we acknowledge the profound blessings and kindness of the almighty. Abstract The present choose e xplores the criticism of the microcircuit programs of Nags in the Trials Apical under Enmeshing district. Here, we use primary data which we collect through field survey.And we found out that there has slightly chore of microcircuit program of Nags. This paper excessively examines empirically the impact of credited on the airfield ambit and found out that the interest grade of Nags is very high. This consider besides discusses and suggests shipway to overcome the problem. So we structured this paper as follows. The first two sections of the paper provide the introduction, objective and relieve the research methodology. Section three out bankers bills the literature review. Section four explains the overall condition of the microcircuit program of Nags in the study demesne and also in case of Bangladesh.And section finally provides recommendation and concluding remarks. Key words Nags, Microcircuit, interest rate, efficiency of credit, socioeconomic notation. Background of the study Bangladesh, a country dictated in the south-east Asian region, inhabits above 160 million people in 55. 598 sq. Mile. And Bangladesh is one of the least developed countries, remains a unequal, overpopulated, and inefficiently governed national. And meagerness is the main problem of this country. Now a large number of Nags (Non Governmental Organization) are working to alleviate the poverty of the masses.They have played a very significant role in opening up access to credit for the poor people in distant areas. During the last three decades the idea of microcircuit helps poor people to build businesses, increase their income and also fight against poverty. Microcircuit has been introduced to rural communities in Bangladesh as a means of economic and social development. just in some cases microcircuit programs of Nags was not so satisfactory. We study about the negative impact of Nags of Trials Apical under Enmeshing district.The total population of this area is 372498 where a total area is 338. 98 sq. Km and 43. 30 percent (2005, World Bank) people live under poverty line. The study reveals the socio economic condition, microcircuit problem and also the positive and negative attitude of Nags in the study area. Objective of the study The core purpose of the study is to identify the criticism of Nags operation. The specific objectives area To understanding the nature of the problem. 0 To identify the microcircuit problem of the study area. 0 To examine the effects of MONGO sector in the study area.Methodology of the study The study is an exploratory by nature and is based on both primary and secondary data. We have collected primary data through questionnaire method. To determine the major(ip) problems of microcircuit program of Nags and socio economic condition of Trials Apical primary data was collected through field survey. And secondary data are collected from research reports, relevant published documents including books, different Journals, newspapers, magazines, website, etc that are relevant to the study. Limitation of the study There are a number of limitations in this study.That area The respondents are restrict (100 respondents or samples) in terms of size and composition. So the result whitethorn not be interpreting the overall situation of the study area. 0 The data collection was restricted only within the Trials Apical in Enmeshing district of Bangladesh which may fail to represent the actual scenario of the whole country. Sometimes respondents are nonreversible so we cannot get appropriate data. 0 Some of the respondents are reluctant to give interview because of their experience with previous research works in the area which, according to them, bore no benefit for them.Literature review Literature review refers the examination of other works that have done by other researchers on the criticism of microcircuit program of Nags in Bangladesh. Eave found that, in our country very few studies have been done by archduchesses Froze Begum, Salt Holmic Zamia and MD. Shania Khan(2004) studied about, social occasion of Nags in Rural Poverty Eradication A Bangladesh Observation. In this paper he explores the role of Nags in poverty eradication especially in rural area of Bangladesh. He examines that how the Nags of this country are playing a positive and also negative role to the poor people. falling out, Donor Brief (No. 18, may 2004), examines about, The Impact of Interest Rate Ceilings on Magnificence. Here they explore that, interest rate is higher in MONGO than normal Commercial Bank judge and explain that interest rate ceilings almost always hurt the poor people. Sheikh Kabuki Duding Header, studied on Impact of the Nags on socioeconomic conditions in Bangladesh A study on Rajahs District. He identify that poor peoples are benefited who are engaged with MONGO. He also observed some limitations of the MONGO programs.The daily sense datum (Dacha, Deck, 12, 2008) highlighted that, prolific acy is not a panacea for poverty reduction. And here explained the serious problem faced by microcircuit borrowers. David Helm and Paul Mostly (1996) also studied about the impacts of microcircuit programs of Nags. They found that, poor households does not benefited from magnificence. More troubling is the findings that a vast majority of those with starting incomes below the poverty line actually ended up with sees incremental income after getting micro loans. Overview of the study Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world.Here women are deprived by men. Many women are the victims of violence, their occupational choices are narrower and their earnings lower than men and the major portion of the women in rural Bangladesh living in abject poverty. But only a few of them get opportunity to access various types of rural enterprises that can help them to improve their economic condition. This situation has fostered the emergence of Non-Governmental Organizations (Nags). Th ey help poor women by giving microcircuit. Now we have to discuss about microcircuit programs of Nags in Bangladesh perspective. Present scenario of microcircuit program of Nags in Bangladesh In Bangladesh there are some(prenominal) institutions which is involved in magnificence activities. Nags started credit program in mid-eighties and their activities increased noticeable higher after 1990 (CDC, 2000). There are several snack which giving credit to the poor people, such as- Grahame Bank, BARACK, AS, SPADE, Burro Bangladesh, ASS, Rural Reconstruction, Poppy, etc. This magnificence sector is mature now and its assets constitute around 3 percent of GAP in 2011. Total outstanding loan of this sector (only licensed Miff) has increased by 20 percent from convulse 145. Billion in June 2010 to BAT 173. 8 billion in June, 2011 disburse among 20. 7 million poor people, helping them to be sleepyhead and accelerating overall economic development process of the country. The overall trend o f magnificence statistics in Bangladesh can be shown by a table- Table Basic statistics of MONGO-Miffs in Bangladesh (As of 30 June 2011) June2010 No of Licensed INCOMING 516 June2011 576 Total clients(million) Borrowers(million) 25. 28 19. 21 Amount Amount of of loan savings(TX million) 145022. 6 51362. 93 26. 08 20. 65 173797. 60 63304. 4 source MR.-MIS Database-2011 The table shows that, at the end of June2011, the sector had outstanding loans of BAT 173. 8 billion disbursed to 20. 7 million borrowers and had accumulated BAT 63. 3 billion as savings from around 26. 10 million clients over 93 percent of them are women. Here we see that, the credit amount is more than savings amount. 0 Role of microcircuit programs of Nags in Bangladesh Bangladesh is a member of the worlds least developed countries, having increased population density, unemployment, illiteracy, socio-communal unrest and many more.Now-a-days Nags have been playing supportive roles with the government. The role playe d by the Nags in Bangladesh is very good. They help poor people by giving credit facilities to alleviate poverty among the rural poor population. Generally, the Nags help women to empowering them. If women are empowered then their living standard also improved. We know that most of the rural peoples fight against the poverty and to get employment. And the Nags help these people by creating awareness among them, inspiring them and give credit facilities to self-employed. By these ways the Nags help for sustainable development of Bangladesh.Discussion and findings Our study is to find out the criticism of microcircuit program of Nags in the study area. The study reveals activities about microcircuit programs of Nags in Trials Apical. The total population of this area is 372498 where a total area is 338. 98 sq. Km. But we take only 100 samples to investigate the activities of microcircuit program of Nags of the study area. The overall investigation can be expressed by following way- Ta ble Gender, age and educational status of the respondents Total Respondents Age group mannish Female 26 8 92 Percentage 8% 92% 13 Educational status 2650

Media Law Case Studies Essay

1. Whether, as a Member of fan tan (MP), the Accuseds right of supernumerary speech in Parliament, given by sections 3 and 8 of the Houses of Parliament (Privileges and Powers) Ordinance No. 15 of 1952 and name 63(2) of the 1957 Federal Constitution, has been validly limited by the sequent amendment make to Article 63 with the asset of Clause (4) by the Constitution (Amendment) answer. 1971 (Act A30).2. Whether the Accuseds right of free speech in Parliament is character reference of the Constitutions radical structure or a fundamental rule of natural justice, thus rendering any supposed amendment of the Constitution quest to limit such right is void and of no effect. 3. Whether the demand for closure of Chinese and Tamil schools in the process of implementing the national language can be legally and constitutionally treated as motioning Article 152(1) and thus, bringing into operation section 3(1) (f) of the Sedition Act 1948 (Revised 1969), despite there not organism a de mand for the abolition of prohibition of the teaching or learning of such languages. Reasoning1. While Sections 3 and 8 of the Houses of Parliament (Privileges and Powers) Ordinance 1952 as well as Article 63(2) of the Constitution grants an MP independence of speech in Parliament without creation held liable to be prosecuted or questi angiotensin-converting enzymed in court, the ulterior addition of Clause 4 in Article 63 states that Clause 2 is not applicable to any person who has committed an offence under Article 10(4) or the Sedition Act 1948. Noting that the Accused is supercharged via the Sedition Act, it is clear that the Accuseds right of free speech in Parliament is limited by Clause 4 of Article 63.2. The Accuseds right of free speech in Parliament is not instrumental in forming the basic structure of the constitution. Thus, it was deemedunnecessary to decide whether or not any amendments made to said Article will destroy the Constitutions basic structure. In additio n, the Accuseds right of free speech is not part of the fundamental rule of natural justice. Therefore, the amendments made to Article 63 the addition of Clause (4) limiting MPs right of free speech in Parliament are valid. 3. It was decided that it would be premature and speculative to answer this question at the present stage. The answer is deemed to be bound up with uncertain facts of the case and any displaceings made would be based on assumptions. commission was advised to forward the submission prepared to the trial Judge, of whom the case was further referred to.HeldThe case was accordingly directed to the learned trial Judge for continuation and disposition in accordance with the aforementioned judgment and otherwise according to law.Title and CitationPublic Prosecutor v. Param Cumaraswamy1986 1 MLJ 518FactsThe accused, Vice President of the occlude Council Param Cumaraswamy, was charged for committing an offence under Section 4(1)(b) of the Sedition Act 1948 (Revised 1969) for uttering seditious words during a press conference at the office of the Selangor and Federal Territory Bar Committee on 24 July 1985. The accused was making an open appeal to the Pardons placard to reconsider the petition of Sim Kie Chon, who was charged under the Internal Security Act for possessing an unlicensed forearm, for the commutation of his death sentence.Issues1. Whether the words uttered by Cumaraswamy can be considered seditious under Section 3 of the Sedition Act. 2. Whether the statement made by Cumaraswamy incited feelings of ill-will and dislike between the different classes of the Malaysian population under Section 3(1)(e) of the Sedition Act. 3. Whether the statement made by Cumaraswamy incited hatred or discourtesy or excited disaffection against the Authority under Section 3(1)(a).Reasoning1. Uttered words can only be considered seditious if they achieve one or more of the instruments specified in Section 3(1) of the Sedition Act. Section 3(1)(d) of the Sedition Act 1948 states that for uttered words to be considered seditious, it must be unresolved of raising discontent or disaffection amongst the volume of Malaysia. The press statement was an open appeal to the Pardons Board urging them to exercise their powers uniformly so that the people would not be made to feel that the Board was discriminatory. It was agreed by the Court that the words which were used were unlikely to create discontent or disaffection neither among the people nor against the Authority i.e. Yang di-Pertuan Agong, any other Rulers of State and the government.2. Section 3(1)(e) of the Sedition Act defines an act with seditious tendency that is capable of promotin feeling of ill-will and hostility between different classes of the population of Malaysia. In one part of the press statement, Cumaraswamy pointed out to the Pardons Board that the people should not be made to feel that the Board was discriminating between the poor, the meek and the unfortunate and the rich, the powerful and the influential. The court agreed that instead of trying to promote ill-will and hostility between the different classes of the population, Cumaraswamy was in fact urging the Board not to create the feeling or impression among the population that the Board was discriminating between the different classes.3. Section 3(1)(a) tell that a seditious tendency is a tendency to bring into hatred or contempt or to excite disaffection against any Ruler or against any Government. It should be noted that Cumaraswamys appeal was directed at the Pardons Board and not at the Ruler i.e. the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. Hence, it is clear that the statement did not charter the tendency to bring upon hatred of disaffection against the Ruler.HeldMr. Cumaraswamy was found not guilty of sedition. He was subsequently acquitted and discharged.Title and CitationPublic Prosecutor v. Pung subgenus Chen Choon1994 1 MLJ 566FactsThe accused, Pung Chen Choon, editor of newspaper The Bo rneo Mail, was charged of maliciously publishing false news in The Borneo Mail dated 16 July 1990, stating that Benjamin Basintrol, a priest, had been arrested under the Internal Security Act 1960 (ISA), whereas another priest was on the run from the police and several others were understood to be on the wanted list. He was charged with an offence under Section 8A(1) of the Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 (PPPA). He was prosecuted in the Magistrates Court in Kota Kinabalu. A few issues were raised, leading to the case being forwarded to the High Court and subsequently, to the Supreme Court.IssuesThe following issues of law were presented to the Supreme Court for determination 1. Whether Section 8A(1) of PPPA, when read with Section 8A(2), restricts the right to freedom of speech and view granted by Article 10(1)(a) of the Constitution. 2. If so, whether the restriction imposed is one permitted by or under Article 10(2)(a) of the Constitution. 3. Whether Section 8A(1) of PPPA, read with Section 8A(2), is consistent with Article 10(1)(a) and (2)(a) of the Constitution and therefore, valid. 4. Whether Section 8A(2) of PPPA, by presuming that false news by itself is malicious, amounts to pre-censorship and therefore, disregards Article 10(1)(a) and (2) of the Constitution.Reasoning1. The Malaysian Constitution, unlike the First Amendment to the Constitution of the USA, does not directly addresses freedom of press. However, judicial opinion in India regarding Article 19(1) of the Indian Constitution, which grants all citizens the right to freedom of speech and expression, has established that freedom of press is included within its domain. In regards to that, it is clear that Section 8A(1) of the PPPA does restrict the right to freedom of speech and expression granted by Article 10(1)(a) of the Constitution.2 & 3. Although not all false news, as yet if maliciously published, go within the stated restrictions in Article 10(2)(a), it is possible that th e malicious publication of false news could incite acts which jeopardize the internal hostage of the country, undermine Malaysias friendly relations with other countries, lead to disturbance of publicorder, and incite the commission of offences. Hence, it can be said that Section 8A of PPPA falls within the orbit of permitted restrictions in Article 10(2)(a) of the Constitution and is constitutionally valid.4. Section 8A(2) of PPPA is merely a statutory presumption which operates at the trial stage, arising only if the pursuit are able to prove when prosecuting the accused in court that the news published is false. Section 8A(2) is, in no way, equated with pre-censorship, which can only take discover before publication. Moreover, Section 8A(2) does not restrict freedom of press either directly or indirectly. Hence, the answer to Question 4 is no. HeldThe case was forwarded to the magistrate to proceed with the hearing, taking into account the answers to the questions presented, to determine whether the offence charged has been ascertained by the prosecution beyond all reasonable doubt.ReferencesMark Koding v. Public Prosecutor 1982 2 MLJ 120Public Prosecutor v. Param Cumaraswamy 1986 1 MLJ 512Public Prosecutor v. Param Cumaraswamy (No. 2) 1986 1 MLJ 518 Public Prosecutor v. Pung Chen Choon 1994 1 MLJ 566

Geely Automobile Essay

In the first part, the ECLIPTER factors including econography, culture, legal gondolacass, income profile, political risk, valuate regime, exchange rate and restrictions, together with the multilateral institutions much(prenominal)(prenominal) as WTO, EU and ASEAN depart be examined by using UK and Malaysia as examples. Then based on this analysis, it go forth provide an assessment of the companys over only world-wide expansion strategy and process. In the second part, legal system and income profile, the deuce more or less effectant ECLIPTER factors on Geely abroad operations, will be evaluated.Further much, the scheme which Geely used to deal with the invasion of these two factors and leverage the multilateral institutions will be shown. Fin entirelyy, this proclaim will analyze whether the companys international adaptation of the business function is effective, and then give somewhat recommendations and lessons. 2. ECLIPTER Factors Analysis 2. 1 Econography Econogr aphy refers to physical and human assets including distance from major foodstuffs, and natural resources of nations that affect industriousness performance.In the first, the close distance between parent company and foreign subsidiary can help the company to reduce the transport costs and command processing overhead time expenses it as well as can break the connection between them. If the parent company is in mainland mainland China, it is better to build a subsidiary in Asia such as Malaysia. Secondly, the natural resources used for making cars mainly include steel, copper, and aluminum. If the country owns rich mineral resources, it can p individu aloneyyly provide benefit in the intersection of political machinemobiles. iodin of the major purposes for many multinational corporations establishing overseas subsidiaries is to exploit the foreign natural resources.This is good for companies to 5 outside(a) championship environment II reduce production costs and get comp etitive advantages. As World Steel Association reported in 2009 that the crude steel production of United world berthdom is 13. 5 in 2008, whereas the crude steel production of Malaysia is 6. 1 in 2008. 2. 2 Culture This paragraph will analyze the effects of culture on machine industry through with(predicate) military unit distance index and saving rate. Firstly, power distance index measures the degree of inequality exists in a society (Hofstede, 1997). The power distance index is 80 in Malaysia whereas it is only 35 in UK (Hofstede, 2008).The unequal distribution of wealth makes most Malaysian citizens prefer to hold a commercial auto. So the inexpensive Geely auto could be a good option for them. Secondly, saving rate could be a standard to show the place of citizens. The saving rate of Malaysia was 47 per cent in the year 1998 which ranks second in Asia (Azia, 2004). In contrast, the saving rate in UK was significantly number 1, which was less than 10 percent in the past ten geezerhood. For instance, the saving rate of UK household in 2008 was only 1. 7 percent (chart 1)(Presser, 2008). So UK citizens are apt to direct a comparatively high price car. Chart 1 vision from Posser (2008) 6 International Business surround II 2. 3 well-grounded system The auto industry has been affected by laws and government ordinations since the 1960s. The first safety act passed in 1966 by intercourse and was called the National Traffic and Motor fomite Safety Act (Highfill, 2004). This act forced manufacturers to improve the safety for the passengers, the driver visibility, and the braking of the car. Not only safety, but also environment is being growingly concerned scour off before the oil crisis. The Vehicle Air Pollution and Control Act passed in 1965 was the first act to set standards for railcar pollution.Then in the 1970s, Congress passed the Clean Air Act that led to a 90% decrease in locomote emission within the next six age (ibid). In the 1970s the oil crisis led to the approval of The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 which stated that all automobiles must meet a certain gasoline mileage per gallon. The act required that all automobiles had to meet a standard of 20mpg by the 1980 model and then 27. 5 mpg for the 1985 model (ibid). EU 2020 fruit strategy also emphasizes the importance of low carbon automobile (Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, 2010).There are also many special laws for auto industry in different countries, such as Malaysia, which has built a free trade area for production and assembly of products for export-oriented enterprises. Companies can enjoy the minimum tariffs, raw materials and simplified mechanical equipment import formalities. Nevertheless, the Malaysia government regulates that more than 80% products should export to other countries (Daily News, 2006). Furthermore, the UK Byers Acts Measures to cut the average price of a car by ? 1,100 and save private car buyers somewhat ? 1 billion a year.Although it whitethorn lower the profitability of auto industry, the number of drink downrs will increase gradually (DTI, 2000). 2. 4 Income profile Since automobile is not inferior goods, the demand of automobile would rise when income increases. In the economic aspect, income could be an indicator of the purchasing power of individuals and nations. Data from UK national statistics office (2010) demonstrated that disrespect the beated 4. 9 percent of GDP in the whole year, the GDP increased 0. 4 percent in 7 International Business Environment II the fourth quarter of 2009. Furthermore, Household expenditure also rose 0.4 percent in the fourth quarter of 2009 in UK (chart2). For Malaysia, the GDP growth in the fourth quarter of 2009 was 4. 5 though the figure was negative in the whole year (chart 3) (Malaysia statistics, 2010). It can be observed that the economy of two UK and Malaysia seem to recover from the global financial crisis. This positive signal predict s the growing demand and distensible market for Geely in both countries. Chart 2 Resource from UK statistics 2010 Chart3 Resource from Malaysia statistics 2010 8 International Business Environment II The core competitiveness of Geely automobile relies on its high performance-price ratio.Per capital GNI (Gross national income) in Malaysia was 25784 RM in 2008. By analyzing the 2004 United Nations Human Development (UNHDP) report, except the 20% population of richest and poorest class, Geely will be a better choice for the rest citizens in Malaysia(chart 4) (Lumpur, 2004). In comparison, the schoolboyish people account for a great tally of population in UK. A source from HMRC shows the average income of under 20 years is ? 9,570 and 20-24 years is ? 13,200 which is below the average (chart 5). It implies that when young generation decide to buy a car, price is the first consideration factor.For medium quality car manufacture companies, young population in UK could be a potential gro up of customers. Chart 4 9 International Business Environment II Chart5 Median years Band Under 20 years 20 24 ? 11,800 years 25 29 ? 17,000 years 30 -34 ? 19,500 years 35 39 ? 20,100 years 40-44 ? 20,200 years 45 49 ? 20,300 years Resource from Lumpur (2004) ? 28,600 ? 24,800 ? 35,400 ? 15,200 ? 20,100 ? 28,100 ? 24,600 ? 34,600 ? 14,900 ? 19,800 ? 26,800 ? 23,600 ? 31,700 ? 15,500 ? 20,100 ? 23,900 ? 21,600 ? 26,700 ? 16,400 ? 20,100 ? 19,300 ? 17,800 ? 20,600 ? 15,900 ? 17,800 ?13,200 ? 12,400 ? 13,800 ? 11,200 ? 12,300 ? 8,130 ? 9,570 ? 8,490 ? 9,810 ? 7,990 ? 9,250 Median Income Mean Income Income (Men) (Men) (Women) (Women) Income Income Income Mean Median Mean 2. 5 Political risk jibe to Guinger (2001), political risk describes the stability of government institutions. It can be measured in a variety of ways such as likelihood of foreign ill will and civil insurrection. The Transparency International (2009) showed that UK and Malaysia both face some problems of politic al corruption, which adversely affects the efficiency of economic operation.World Bank estimates that corruption could cost Malaysia as much as RM10 10 International Business Environment II billion a year an amount equivalent to 1 or 2 per cent of GDP. The corruption in the UK is lighter than Malaysia, which ranked 17, whereas Malaysia ranked 56 in world in 2009 based on Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. hardly the corruption in UK is not unheard. Surveys by Control Risks and Simmons & Simmons show that the awareness of UK laws against foreign bribery may be decreasing over time.In 2002, after the act came into force, 68 percent of respondents said they were familiar with its main points. But in 2006, 48 percent people said that they have totally ignore it (Global Corruption Report, 2009). 2. 6 Tax Regime Tax regime refers to the impose instruments that governments use to raise revenues from multinational firms, such as corporate taxes. The tax of Malaysia is transparent, the m ultinational corporate must be taxed 30% of the corporate income which is just the selfsame(prenominal) as Malaysia companies Marketing directory, 2005) According to the tax incentive treaties, auto ( .industry may be eligible for pi bingleer status which is given by the way of an abatement of 70% of the clams for five years (ibid). The remaining 30% of the profits will be taxed at the prevailing corporate income tax rate. The profits abated are exempt from tax and will be available for distribution as tax-free dividends. In UK the resident corporate tax is the lowest in Europe, even the tax is zero for the small companies in 2002(Lawandtax- newborns, 2010). According to the tax treaties, multinational corporate which set up, purchase or control the companies in UK can bring home the bacon the resident tax (Navstar, 2009).In the ordinary course of events, foreign companies cannot follow the low corporate tax, but with regard to double taxation and the agreement between UK and Chi na, Chinese multinational corporates in UK now pay the low tax (ibid). 2. 7 Exchange rate Stable trade policies are extremely important for both the economic welfare of the countries and the multilateral trading system. Unfortunately, the liberalization measures were pick out by many countries. As Dornbuschs 1976 analysis has pointed out that when the exchange rate is used to provide protection for domestic firms, it is through undervaluation.An undervalued 11 International Business Environment II exchange rate protects domestic firms from imports and gives domestic firms greater incentives to export. For example, the Balance of Payments Committee of the WTO has received 39 requests from member countries for derogations from their international obligations and for a temporary increase in temporary protection. Moreover, several developing countries, such as Malaysia, have recently increased tariffs in response to financial crises even though the higher rates remain below the rates t hese countries bounded in the WTO.Moreover the analysis said China has become a great auto exporter, as a result of the huge subsidies, an undervalued exchange rate and dirt-cheap credit (Swaminathan, 2009). 2. 8 Restrictions Restrictions refer to the taxes and limitations that host governments place on foreign products and operate or on foreign firms themselves when they enter or leave the host economy. Because of the policy of protecting their national automobile industry, the import tax of automobile is comparatively high in Malaysia.Since 2004, Malaysia began to reduce the automobile import tax for the import components the tax is reduce from 25% to 10%, and for the whole automobile the import tax is drop from 130% to 30% for the companies outside of Southeast Asia (MEI, 2009). In 2010, according to the agreement of ASEAN, the automobile import tax will be zero to all the regions of ASEAN. UK is a member of EU, it followed the economic agreement of EU which sets no import or ex port tax between members of EU and they must charge the same tax when they have business with the third country (European competitiveness, 2009). 12.International Business Environment II Scoring Analysis of UK and Malaysia Country Score Econography Culture Legal System Income Profile Political Risk Tax Regime Exchange Rate Restrictions Total (10) (10) (20) (20) (10) (10) (10) (10) (100) 8 7 18 8 8 8 7 7 71 7 6 16 15 5 9 8 9 75 UK Malaysia 3. Institutions 3. 1 WTO The major objectives of WTOs roles are ? the creation of a common automobile market through the elimination of barriers to intra-Community trade the maintenance and expansion of a competitive world automobile industry the use of voluntary import restrictions to prevent cheap imports and to maintain competitiveness?(European Commission, 2006). For example, in 2006, WTO announced the establishment of a panel to examine whether Chinas tariffs on imported auto parts violate WTO trade rules, following a joint complaint made by t he United States, the European Union and Canada, who accused China for its discriminatory charges on imported auto parts. After examining Chinas related regulations, WTO panel declared that Chinas regulations are inconsistent with Chinas WTO obligations. China has agreed to make the necessary regulatory changes by September 2009 (Herd, 2006). 13 International Business Environment II.WTO facilitates Geelys international expansion since the elimination of trade barriers has cleared its path to world market and made it integrated to the world economy. In 2002, after China joined into WTO, 100 automobiles of Geely exported to Syria (Luo, 2005). 3. 2 EU EU functions as a rule-imposer. It sets strict requirements and institute rules and regulations to improve vehicle safety. Besides the vehicle crash tests execute by Euro NCAP (European New Car opinion Program backed by European Commission), on that point are also some regulations set to protect the environment.First, in order to respon d to the gradual aggravation of greenhouse effect, the European commission developed a mandatory emission standard to limit the emission of one major kind of greenhouse gas, CO2. The regulation set a fleet-average CO2 emission target for passenger cars, which is 120 g/km to be reached by 2015 (European Commission, 2010). The vehicle manufacturers must reach the CO2 emission target of 130g/km, with an additional reduction of 10 g/km to be provided by supplementary measures, such as the use of hydrogen fuel.A long-term target of 95 g/km to be reached by 2020 is also established by the regulation (ibid). This regulation will take effect in 2012. From 2012 onwards, vehicle manufacturers who do not meet this target will have to pay penalty for their bare emissions. According to DieselNet (2010), from 2012 to 2018, the penalties are 5 per vehicle for the first g/km of CO2 15 for the second gram 25 for the third gram 95 from the fourth gram onwards. From 2019, manufacturers will pay 95 fo r each g/km exceeding the target. Another congressional mandate imposed by European Commission requires tire pressure monitoring systems on all new cars in 2012.According to Europes learning Society (2010), many pass accidents resulting in fatalities and physical injuries are linked to tire defects. Furthermore, under-inflated tires can result in severely inefficient use of fuel and cause an extra two million tons of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere per year. So this mandate enhances vehicle safety and protects the environment. 14 International Business Environment II These regulations have incurred a rise in car prices since vehicle manufacturers are forced to increase price to offset the cost of upgrading.These regulations put Geely in an unfavorable position. Since Geely is better know for making low-tech and cheap cars, making eco-friendly cars is not included in the competencies of the company and huge R&D spending is inevitable for nurturing this competence. They set a high b ar for the competition and limit Geelys ability to hit the ceiling market in Europe. 3. 3 ASEAN ASEAN Association of South East Asia Nations is a geo-political and economic organization of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia. China and ASEAN are both newly-emerged, rapidly-developing auto markets.Cooperation in auto industry between China and ASEAN will bring a win-win situation for the two sides and make their cars more competitive in a global competition. For instance, according to Xinhua News Agency (2006), a report released by the Ministry of Commerce Indonesia has announced that compared to the expensive Japanese sedans, the China-made ones gradually gain popularity for more favourable price-performance ratio. ASEAN country also necessitates investment from Chinese carmakers to expand local employment and for more price-favourable cars, said a Germany auto expert at the China-ASEAN Expo, 2006.Consequently, in general, ASEAN opens its gate to Chinese car companies includin g Geely to achieve a win-win situation. 4. Assessment of Geelys overall international expansion strategy Geelys current international strategy is to produce affordable automobile, so the market size and con affectionatenesse power of a foreign market are highly valued by Geely. Malaysia automobile market resembles China more than UK, in the aspects such as the peoples income, the similar culture, and the similar geographical position, etc.As by now most cars have been exported to some developing countries like atomic number 34 Asia, Ukraine, Russia, and Mexico, Malaysia will be good choice. Meanwhile, although UK does not represent a neighboring or ? home market, 15 International Business Environment II as markets in South-East Asia do, UK could be seen as an interesting market with a potential for higher margins, higher price levels and a more mature market for branding, technology, etc, as the UKs income per capita, and the automobile sales volume are higher than that of Malaysia .Considering the future international development, Geely should focus on UK. hence, at first, it is better for Geely to develop its ? producing automobile which most of people can buy strategy in Malaysia, and when Geely is able to enter high-end automobile market, UK will be a better choice. In price of multilateral institution, after evaluating the influence of international organizations, we suggest that Malaysia is a better choice for Chinese car companies to exploit new markets. Firstly, a win-win situation guarantees a favourably corporate relationship between Geely and ASEAN (Eichengreen, 2006).Secondly, there are various quality-related requirements and constraints in EU and probably NAFTA, which puts up a strong challenge for those Asian auto makers. Moreover, by far, there is no evidence to prove the attainment of Manganese Bronze and Volvo have considerably increased Geelys sale in developed nations. Thus considering the opportunities and threats faced by Geely, it is recommended that the company emphasizes on developing nations markets, rather than the developed markets. 5. Marketing analysis 5.1 Legal system According to Alistair Darlings pre-budget report, UK will bring new opportunities for the low-carbon industries. Through the Innovation Investment Fund and the Carbon Trusts Venture Capital scheme, UK will invest at least ? 160m in low carbon projects (Guardian, 2009). They will also invest ? 90m in the European Investment Banks new 2020 fund, which will put 6. 5 billion Euros of finance in green infrastructure projects. In this report, there are alterations to the climate change levy, company car tax, and fuel benefit charge (ibid).This is good news for Geely because now it dedicates itself to produce high-tech and eco-friendly automobile. In 16 International Business Environment II UK the amount of car tax depends on the price and the discharge amount for carbon, which is from 9% for electric motor car to 10%-35% for petrochemical car. UK also has a successful car scrappage scheme, which gives consumers a ? 2,000 discount off. If they scrap their old vehicle, it will help up to 125,000 families replace their inefficient boilers with new models (Julia, 2009).Through the governments support of low-carbon industry, Geely has more opportunities to innovate high-tech and eco-friendly automobile. Furthermore, because of the low tax and car scrappage scheme, customer is inclined to buy or change an electric motor car,. In 22nd environ 2006, Malaysia published the new automobile policy (MEI, 2009). Since that day, the import taxes of CBU (Complete Built Unit) are reduced from 20% to 5% for the ASEAN members and 50% to 30% for other countries. The import taxes of CKD (Completely intercept Down) are 10%.In 28th October 2009, Mustafa Mohamed announced many new policies for auto industry which will give much more preferences and subsidies for the new competency automobile companies (ibid). 5. 2 Income profile It is known tha t the success of Geely relies mostly on keeping low cost and offering the affordable cars. For instance, Geelys best-selling four-door sedan, the King Kong, has been sold 6127 in April 2010 and the retail price is between 47,800RMB 58,800RMB (Jiang, 2010). Geely sold 329,014 passenger cars in 2009, making it is the third largest domestic car producer (Zheng, 2010).However, Geelys lovable formula is under pressure in china because Chinese consumers are becoming wealthier the higher-end models will gradually be affordable for them. Meanwhile, brands such as the Chery QQ, ford Fiesta, and Honda Civic are threatening Geelys current market position. Geekys winning formula is also challenged at the oversea markets like UK and Malaysia. Date from HMRC (HM tax revenue & Customs) indicates that nearly 50% of the population in UK earns ? 16400 annually which is much higher than the middle class income of Malaysia.This group of population could be a dominant power in the automobile market in UK. It is not a wise choice to sell its inexpensive cars in UK considering that low price would not be 17 International Business Environment II attractive for these relatively rich citizens. The similar situation also happened in Malaysia which made Geelys low price cars less competitive. This is because that the predicted real GDP growth in 2010, 2011 and 2015 are 4. 7%, 5. 0% and 5. 0%, Malaysian people are becoming richer than before(IMF, 2010).Their change magnitude incomes will directly affect their car buying choice. People nowadays prefer the higher-end models and the market share of Geelys lower-end models are estimated to reduce gradually. 6. Geelys reacts to the impact of the ECLIPTER First, since the middle of 2009, the sales of car exports decreased from 37940 in 2008 to 6297. Furthermore, although Geely exports to more than 50 countries, most of them are developing countries which are not so effective in the promotion of the brand image.In order to get rid of low-en d image, Geely changed its strategy from ?produce automobile which most of people can buy to ? do not produce cars which price is below 40000 Yuan (Fang, 2009). Besides, Geely take over Volvo which also expressed its desire to crusade the brand image. Geelys strategy changes starts in may 2007, which is focus on transforming its competitive advantage from price to technology. In 2007, Geely used three new motorcycle typeYuan Jing, King Kong and Zi You Jian, which have relatively higher value added to substitute the Haoqing, Meiri and You Liou.For doing that, Geely scraped its old molds, jigs and production line which worth up to 8 billion Yuan. In 2008, the sales of these three new auto types grew 12% without discount marketing strategy (Geely annual report, 2009). Furthermore, in 2010, Geely will market 21 new auto types, and some of them were designed by Fabrizio Giugiaro, the Italys famous auto manufacturer. Moreover, the new energy auto will also be produced in 2010, which wil l include Panda and DiHao (Wenqing, 2010). These new energy auto types have been showed in the Beijing car exhibition 2010 (Phoenix auto, 2010).In order to deal with these two factors, Geely also has a complementary strategy cooperate or takeover other known international auto manufacturers. It will not only help Geely to promote its auto manufacture technology, but also improve its brand image. Geely has already cooperated with 18 International Business Environment II Britains Manganese Bronze to produce luxurious brand-named taxi (China car Times, 2010) and assembled cars with Information Gateway Corp Sdn Bhd (IGC) in Malaysia, 2006 (Tan, 2006). 7. Leverage the multilateral institutions7. 1 ASEAN One of the stunning news in 2005 was the political barriers Geely met in Malaysia, which was considered as the biggest challenge for its overseas expansion so far. Geelys President Li Shufu described Malaysia as ? an unexpected trap? because of Malaysia governments rejection on fulfillin g the contract. After examining the ECLIPTER factors of Malaysia market, Li Shufu and his squad regarded Malaysia as the first pillbox and cornerstone of its expansion to ASEAN countries. He believed the learning in Malaysia could be helpful.Therefore, in May 2005, Geely has made a joint contract with Malaysia IGC group for building CKD factory in Malaysia. However, Malaysia government denied the contract after a new document on automobile being published. According to the document, all cars made by foreign automobile manufacturers were prohibited to sell in Malaysia. Then the situation in Malaysia went against its expection of getting a huge sale. However, according to Geely officials, to some extent, ASEAN agreements have made Geely to reconsider the importance of Malaysia (Harwit).In South East Asia nations, there are some strict tariff-related regulations for automobile industry. Contrarily, tariff among ASEAN countries is in a minimum rate. According to an inner-ASEAN agreemen t, from 2003 to 2009, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore and Vietnam exempted auto import tariff for each other. From 2010, all ASEAN countries will implement zero auto import tariff for each other. At the same time, Indonesia, Thailand and some other ASEAN nations demand of cars is increasing considerably (JAMA, 2008). Especially after an impressive increase in 2007, the car-sale in Indonesia becomes significantly dazzle.Therefore Geely 19 International Business Environment II visualiseed to only manufacture cars in Malaysia and then export cars to other ASEAN countries, which seems like a forward-looking plan in a long-term development. Finally, Geely decided to move its Malaysia CKD manufacture center to Indonesia. However, its vision of leveraging ASEAN to pursue a sale performance in all ASEAN nations has not changed. 7. 2 EU In terms of EU regulations, since Geely has acquired 100% ownership of Volvo, the Swedens company, Geely is no longer an outsider of Eu ropean market.According to the EU Single market concept (European Commission, 2010), a free circulation of capital, labor, goods and services between EU members is granted. Geely now have got over tariff barriers and competes as an insider. 8. Implications and Recommendations One of the strategies of Geely is to promote new energy automobile, there are two advantages for this strategy Firstly, Geely can get powerful support from government since the development of new energy is boost by the government.Secondly, since new energy automobile is environmental friendly goods, it not only reduces the carbon emissions, but also decreases the expenses on routine maintenance (Bond newspaper, 2010). However, there are also drawbacks, such as the inadequate facilities. Acquiring other world famous bands is the other strategy of Geely, which facilitates the companys global expansion. For instance, Volvo is well-known by its safety, which could provide Geely with a competitive advantage on its brand trust. It also provides a valuable, more upscale user image.Therefore, through merger or acquisition of international well-known brands, Geely can get greater international fame and advanced technology, integrate into the world market and attract more consumers. However, certain risks should be considered when Geely acquires Volvo. The first risk is that the culture conflicts between two countries. It has been reported that one of the hindering factors is that the union of Volvo in Sweden disagrees the acquisition for their reduced 20 International Business Environment II welfare and unemployment (Gasgoo, 2009).The second risk is that the value of acquired equity. It has been said that Volvos vaunted reputation for safety has been challenged by other manufacturers which can also provide automobiles with same safety standard. In this case Volvos ? safe? advantage may not be as competitive as before. 9. Conclusion To sum up, this essay has analyzed the ECLIPTER factors of Geelys two overseas markets, Britain and Malaysia, and examined influence of the related multilateral institutions. According to this matrix analysis, legal system and income profile have the most important impact on the auto industry.For multilateral institutions, ASEAN and WTO generally promote the Geelys international expansion strategy, while EU regulations are less prosperous in its expansion. Considering both ECLIPTER factors and related multilateral institutions, it is suitable for Geely to enter developing nations to acquire market share at its initial development. But for long-term development, Geely need to pay attention to research and develop higher-end models. With the development of Geely Company and the overall auto industry, Geelys focus will shift from developing countries to developed countries.Currently, Geelys low price strategy is challenged by the legal system and income profile of developed countries. Therefore, Geely is increasing its efforts in releasing new mode l cars and tapping into developed countries through merger or acquisition. Geely intends to promote its brand image and enlarge its market share through these strategic moves, although it has to face the risk of culture conflicts and the uncertainty of acquisition value. 21 International Business Environment II 10. References Azia, A. Z. (2004) Malaysia-Encouraging Saving in a Dynamic Economy Online. Available at h.

Native Son Theme Analysis Essay

In his novel, Native tidings, Richard Wright reveals his major(ip)(ip) theme of the Black population in America in the 1930s. In the opening background of the novel, Wright introduces his condemning message towards the ugliness of American racism and the hearty oppression of Blacks in his time. The opening scene of Native Son posts by foreshadowing future events that occur throughout the novel involving major symbols that atomic number 18 introduced in the scene to represent other elements in the novel. The scene also establishes an atmosphere of desperation and despair as it presents the doubting Thomas flatcar context and its contrasting image of the Dalton mansion.The function of the scene is established by three major elements which is the alarm clock, the thieve-catching, and the flatcar setting. The first element that is introduced is the ambiguous alarm clock. The alarm clock that awakens bigger Thomas and his family at the opening of the novel is a major symbol th at Wright uses to attack American racism. The loud ring the alarm clock gives off serves as a wake-up call Wright wants his audience to hear. Wright uses the alarm to represent his bumptious message to the American public of the destructive effects of racism and oppression American purchase order has accepted. His call for change is like a prophetic exemplification such as Elisha gives, in Biblical context, demanding the need for social change before it is too late for the nation of ancient Israel. Similar to Elishas warning, Wright predicts ultra violence and social upheaval if racism and oppression is not stopped in American federation.Another function of the alarm clock is its foreshadowing of biggers symbolic awakening in the course of the novel. The clock in the opening scene represents big as a powder keg, both of which are waiting to go off at any moment. Biggers climactic point of his explosive act of killing Mary serves the same function as the alarm given off from th e clock whereas both wake and opens the eyes of those who hear it or see it. The alarm clock symbolizes Biggers new realization that he should not feel guilty for the killing of Mary because of the living conditions light society forced him to live into, which made him into what he is.Another important element in the opening scene that Wright uses to attack racism and oppression is the rat-catching. In the commencement of the novel, Bigger discovers a huge menacing rat and his mother and sister jump in hysteria. Bigger then corners the rat, and as the rat attacks screen, he strikes it with a skillet then smashes it reasonlessly until it became a bloody pulp and showed it to Vera. The rat-catching scene is significant because it foreshadows Bigger being tracked down and caught in the course of the novel.In the scene, Wright portrays the black rat as Bigger Thomas. Wright makes them resemble like each other because of their color and their unwanted presence. Like rats, the Black p opulation are viewed as vermin and unwanted pests by White society. With this perspective, the public oppresses and controls the Black population to prevent them from getting near towards Whites in American society.Both Vera and Mother Thomas hysteria towards the rat resembles White societys hysteria toward Biggers murder and assumed rape of a White woman. Vera and Mother Thomas reaction towards the huge black rat is that of disgust and fear of what it may do. In comparison, when the public found the truth behind the killing of Mary, they panicked and feared of what a Black murderer and rapist is sufficient of doing. Wright uses this episode to reveal the intense hate the antiblack American society has towards the Black population. He also uses it to call attention to the excessive paranoia the public exhibits which is a link to the intensity and depth of American racism.Another foreshadowing in the novel would be the representation of Biggers develop through Biggers cornering of the rat. In the beginning of the novel, Bigger blocks the exit of the rat such as how the police block the exit on Bigger later on in the novel. The foreshadowing extends also at how the rat attacks viciously at Biggers pant leg such as how Bigger shoots back at his capturers to prevent being caught. These aggressive scenes between survival and fear points out the result and effects of American societys strong racist views as Wright describes the capturers drive to capture what seems dangerous and fearsome to them.The last and final foreshadowing in the opening scene would be Biggers superfluous bashing of the rat and his act of showing the bloody rat to Vera. The scene is used to portray Biggers excessive beating at the time of capture and Buckleys exhibition of Biggers capture and death. The excessive beating of both the rat and Bigger relate the abusers need for their proneness witnessing pain being inflicted upon their subject. They are also similar because their unnecessary a buse is a signal of the intense hate the abuser had towards them. Also, the exhibition of Bigger by Buckley presents the similar racist connotations as the beating does. In the novel, Buckley holds Bigger as a political advantage, stressing a racist message to Blacks to show them what happens to the unwanted Blacks when they go bad the law in Richard Wrights time which consists of strict and racist laws.One last important element of the opening scene is the setting of the dilapidated Thomas apartment. One function of this apartment setting is to set the atmosphere for the novel as a whole. The run-down and squalid apartment gives a sense of hopelessness and despair. The gloomy aspect of the setting describes the victimization of the Thomas family done by the society in which they are living in.Another function of the apartment setting is that it is a microcosm for how Blacks live throughout the city of Chicago. The apartment is a small, congested room fixed with a kitchen and no wa lls to separate the men from the women. The inappropriateness of their apartment is exemplified when both Buddy and Bigger have to turn their heads away while Mother Thomas and Vera dress. These unacceptable living conditions are created by an oppressive society and creates an unstable Black society which produces people such as Bigger who turn out to be exactly what White society believes they are like.The apartment setting is also part of a geographical contrast with the Dalton mansion. The apartment shows the unfair distribution of wealth as the Dalton mansion exhibits aristocratic characteristics with its multiple board and white columned porch while the Thomas apartment has a mere single room, which occupies an entire family, and consists of a rat infestation. The contrast helps enforce the sense of the difference and injustice while it also presents a divided Black and White society made possible by a racist country.Altogether, the opening scene functions to attack American s ociety and its oppressive standpoint towards Blacks in Richard Wrights time. Wright establishes the scenes function by using these three major elements the alarm clock, the rat-catching, and the apartment setting. Richard Wright central theme of change is produced by the opening scene to correspond with the rest of the novel as it stresses the warning of a possible revolution and social upheaval if conditions do not change in American society.

On Being Isolated

I oblige been a doctor for two decades now, always ready to aid people who atomic number 18 in need, to heal them in the some impossible way that a man force out, to cure others who asked of me oer and over in the intimately isolated provinces in this wounded nation. But all of these can disappear from an instant blink of an eye. The whole nation is desperately in need of healing, to be quite an frankly. It is hard to think of a proclamation of deliverer that is harder to understand or believe than blessed are the poor in spirit for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven because truthfully, from whereI am standing, I dont quite see it at all. Vive seen last in everywhere I go, pre-school children died from being exploded by a bomb of the ABA Safe conflict in Sambaing, a sick mother who died by and by giving birth to a twin because his husband who happens to be a conductor in a bus company cant afford a becoming three-day meal for the family despite his almost 24- hours shift. And Just like last week, Vive seen a woman who was stabbed by her own sister-in-law out of Jealousy.I bring this up in the mise en scene of considering that poverty is everywhere, that no matter how much we think about the did an Dana it wont bring the Filipino people in good condition. I believe, as a Doctor, health is one of the most important elements in society. It takes a great deal of effort to come up with programs and proposal to harbor the nation in relief with health. The President Just stated his State of the Nation a few days back, and it is sad that promoting good health and proposing for cheaper medicines and health benefits doesnt seem like its include in his flagships.True, that the administration is so far on its process of rehabilitating what was lost in Samara-Letter regions, but in ejaculating all of the medical assistance is by far most unknown in his propaganda. Thankfully enough, we are living by the hands of the foreigners. All of the countless reliefs we received are from all over the world. It is also quite considerate when Peons cabinet members and Local administration Officials are working hard for the safety of everyone, but why it seems that everyone is still coping up with the devastation.It has almost been a year since it happened, but why are these dreams seems to be washed out by the typhoon? You see, I am Just a Doctor, who cant even help himself, because I am being dragged y the system and by the looks of it the government cant even help its people. I wish all those people who made decisions could come implement to see what the consequences of their decisions would be like. But real, who are those people in the first place? Tobacco executives who market a carcinogenic crop? Conglomerate victuals industries that contribute to obesity (and poor dental health)?Insurance companies that leveraged debt in credit default swabs and contributed to global inflation? Even if I help myself in structure a hospital, do you think the government would support me on that? How would I even know that all of hose pain and effort in circumstances people would really pay off? No matter how much I think about going abroad and dedicate myself in contribute to the nations rising economy (even though it doesnt seem quite felt), it would reflect on me, and the media will use its persuasive power to kill people like us (doctors, nurses, therapists) like we are the most gruesome professionals in the world.The clinic that I usually attend to in Panamanian, every time Vive visited it, is about as anti-Aquinas as it gets, so it is hard for me to reconcile the claims that insurance (since when does every Filipino has insurance and I wish everyone can) and co-pays should be under IPPP with the insistence that whatever our misfortunes might be, they are the product of unfair treatment at the hands of power and privileged. In the Presidents speech he talked about preparing for future disasters and even focuses on how his admi nistration carry over responsibilities in all of those who are affected.I was one of the Doctors that immediately went to see how wrecked the place was, but a one single official was never really there to go and look in many far- lung areas. Reliefs were distributed almost three days after that typhoon. There used to be several health centers in Tactical (where I was assigned) but last January, it stretched to the limit. People can non even walk to the main health center in Tactical. There are trees everywhere and they have essentially been cut off.We set up in the destroyed former health clinic and received a lot of patients. It was non-stop and people were happy that my team arrived. And in everyday was the same, we went to another remote village and the patients did not stop coming. It is clear that there is a massive need. As a freelance Doctor, I cannot besides the whole country, but many people are currently surviving without medical contend and we will try to fill that gap until services are restored. Till when can I accept this tragic fact?Back in Tactical, we are mainly treating respiratory infections, and weve also seen some patients with diarrhea. Without proper cherish and being exposed to the elements, a lot of people have colds and fevers, especially the kids. Vive also encountered people who have been affected mentally by the typhoon. They are resent with physical symptoms that you cant really pinpoint, but often we see that this indicates psychological distress. Its common to see this after such a traumatic event, so psychological care is in need to.As I continue my distress over the things I saw back last November when the Typhoon was out in the Philippine Area of Responsibility, I was drawn to more facts about this illness of my country in providing deserved health benefits. Equipment and facilities are still not up to the standard of private institutions. Government hospitals remain largely ill equipped and have offered years due to the decline of government spending on health care. Accessibility to public healthcare still remains a contentious issue, particularly in more rural areas.Ideally, everyone is entitled to health care through Philately, but the problem still is, some are discouraged to pay for this because they still choose Panamanian Eng than over health care and not all medical procedures are cover by the Philately scheme and often the balance for medical expenses is to be paid by the patients. The other day, Budget Secretary Butch Bad presented the 201 5 proposed budget of PA. 06 trillion ($60 billion), 15% higher than the previous year. For health, the government wants a APP. Billion budget for the upgrade of 1,242 bargain (village) health stations, 587 rural health stations, 128 local government unit hospitals, and 1 1 treatment and rehabilitation centers. The government also seeks a PA. 3 billion budget to minimize 2. 2 jillion children and to provide pneumatically vaccines to 1. 4 million senior citizens and 429,000 infants. Big money is allotted in Health. If only the President would consider this, a plan where he can control the distribution of budget appropriately for everyone.Although, he dispensed an allotted amount in covering future calamity funds and increase in providing the National Health Insurance Program from APP. 3 billion ($810 million) to APP. 2 billion ($850 million) increase in coverage from 14. 7 million to 15. 4 million beneficiaries, it would be quite enough to sustain what the nation needs, but the big question here is that if the administration can provide this somewhat and legitimately. As a Doctor, I am not enraged by how the administration works. I am furious on how they manage everything.I am not against to those who are now in the position, I believe they are placed there for a reason, a reason that neither of us would know. But to be quite honest, my heart goes to the people who deserved a better life. A life of happiness, stability, and even the most taken for granted acts. I am not taking sides in considering that the Philippines is not a choice anymore I wont want to believe that. It is probably one of the reasons why I still concur myself flowing as much as possible, helping those poor I believe that social protection and social services should be given a much more credit, a bigger perspective to end this misery.But for now, Ill keep my hopes up. I will definitely wait for the right time. But I wont nod off my hope in this administration and in this passion in serving others. I challenge the President in helping and promoting us, especially those who are in the medical world, in healing our nations wounds. It might be hard, it is not easy, but theres no need to worry, it will be all well and right, if we all keep ourselves closely knit, together, hand in hand.

Madness of Lear & Edgar

Madness is considered to be the root of all endings. In addition, the overall mental and physical state of insanity is seen as shameful to many people, as well as disrespectful to oneself and others. With that being said, the motif of fury one thing that no man wants to experience. But in Shakespeares King Lear, madness appears in various forms and functions as the central national, and leads many of the characters, including Lear himself, to their demise. In the beginning of the flirt, Lear is characterized as a very superciliousnessful individual, who is obsess with power and self-love.But as the plot of the play progresses, numerous situations arise and Lear endures a rollercoaster of emotions, which ultimately shape him into a different person. Lears overall changes throughout the play all have something in common a decrease in power and an increase in grief and sympathy. Each obstacle that Lear goes through pushes his pride more and more towards self-pity and sadness, which are emotions that a King of his stature is not used to having to deal with.Through his perspective at this point, he fears that he is going mad, and Lear is so obsessed with control that the thought of losing it all makes him believe that he is losing his sanity as well. However, later on he constantly gets pushed to experience self-evaluation with each situation. Lear undergoes a rebirth, steady though it is too late for the King at this stage of the play. Another character in King Lear, Edgar, also endures the plays central theme of madness, but in a different way.Edgar feigns his insanity to stay alive, by disguising himself as the beggar Poor Tom, in order for his father, Gloucester, to accept him after Edmund, Gloucesters illegitimate son, tricks their father into thinking that Edgar is a madman and wants to murder his father. Edgar fames madness throughout the play and disguises himself as the madman that Edmund has betrayed him to be, since at the time the hebephrenic wer e virtually invisible to society. Ironically, Edgars time as a supposedly insane beggar prepares him to defeat Edmund at the close of the play.Shakespeare uses both of these characters to mirror and direct contrast one anothers states to madness and to illustrate the plays deeper meanings. While Edgar pretends to be mad, Lear is actually mad. Edgar stimulates insanity and foreshadows Lears madness, as it grows stronger throughout the play. The ii end up joining, and it ultimately provides Lear with important wisdom by reducing him to his bare humanity, stripped of all royal pretentions. However, the real madness ofLear and the assumed madness of Edgar both play against one another to make out of the chaos a harmony in the kingdom through self-revelation, wisdom, and humility. Eventually, the madness comes to an end. Edgar unveils his disguise of madness and overthrows Edmund, while Lears madness leads to his demise. Overall, Shakespeare delves into the issues of age, power, lust, betrayal, and most of all, pure madness. The play shines a light on various faults in humanity, including self-indulgence and the desires to only think close to oneself. In the end, greed and egotism can really only result in madness.

A Ready and Modern Army, a Strategic Priority

Planning Guidance, the legions will focus on five strategic priorities to meet the Nations strategic imperatives. Although all of these priorities are significant, the strategic priority A stimulate and ultramodern Army is the most important because it directly impacts the Armys ability to respond when called upon. A Ready and Modern Army strategic priority affects the Armys personnel, equipment, supplies, and educate.One thing is non-negotiable Americans expect and trust that their Army is properly trained and deployment ready at any given time. It is important to note that in a time of budget cuts and manpower reduction, rapprochement readiness and modernization will continue to be an issue across the entire Department of Defense. Nevertheless, the Army will need to continue to scale its forces into scalable, nearly-equipped, and highly trained force in order to confirm readiness in an unpredictable world where modernization is absolutely necessary for the Nation to address approaching global trends.Additionally, it is crucial that the Army continues to conduct rigorous and practical training at home post at multi-echelon levels and leverage modern technologies such as virtual and emulation capabilities. Finally, the Army needs to take advantage more on the skills and knowledge of the Army National Guard and Army Reserve as well as having the right mix of capabilities in order to establish and maintain a globally antiphonary and regionally-engaged force.Overall, A Ready and Modern Army means that the Army will need to holistically look at Its personnel, equipment, supplies, and training and determine the best way to Integrate operations where It makes sense to provide the most efficient and hard-hitting solution. The need for Integration Is even more critical In the context of the foreseeable fiscal environment.

Enforceable Contracts

Six Essential Elements of an Enforceable Contract In normal public life catchs are utilized for various situations and reasons. Some incurs are more binding as compared to others base on the half a dozen elements of offer, sufferance, consideration, the parties capacity to signalise, the parties intent to pick out and the object of the contract. This paper examines the above mentioned elements using a contract existing between a guest and a think principal.The prognosticate dealer dealt with use but clean call offs and because the customer could not afford a new phone, he approached the phone dealer who promised to deliver a functional and clean used smart phone at the price of $74 after two days. The payment was to be do after the delivery of the phone but on the condition that the phone would be fully functional and the customer could return the phone within the following(a) week if it developed any problem.On the appointed day, the phone dealer delivered the phone a s promised and the customer made the payment as he had promised too. After two days of using the phone the customer started to know so many complications with the phone and it finally went off completely. When he returned the phone to the phone dealer, the dealer told him that in one case the phone was sold the customer could not return it. When the customer threatened to sue him for breach of contract, the dealer affirmed that there were no grounds because there was no written contract.The customer however went on with the suit because though the literal contract between them was initially fulfilled through the delivery of the phone within the appointed time, it was breached when the dealer refused to accept back the phone within the agreed grace period. A breach of contract is defined as any form of violation that occurs on conditions contained in an enforceable contract. To ascertain the breach of contract the first step is affirming that a contract existed between the customer and the phone dealer. This go off be done using the six elements of a contract.The phone can be place as the object of the contract because it is legal ascertaining the enforceable nature of the contract. As per the first element the verbal offer of providing the phone within two days at $74 can be acknowledge as part of the binding contract between the two regardless of the fact that it was written. Under acceptance or genuine assent, the customer engaged in expressed acceptance of the offer within the stipulated conditions crash by the dealer. The mutual promise between the customer and the phone dealer to eet their sides of the contract can be equated to consideration. Both the customer and the dealer had the capacity to contract because none was coerced into the agreement. The fact that both agreed to bring in into the contract considering all the stipulated conditions, shows their intent to enter into the contract. The above clearly indicates that though no written contra ct existed between the dealer and the customer, a verbal contract existed between the two of them and the dealer breached the contract by refusing to honor one of the stipulated conditions in the contract.The major two remedies that could be utilized to counter the breach of contract could be the dealer accepting back the phone and issuing the customer with another phone or refunding back his money as an out of court settlement because a court settlement can prove to be very expensive both on the dealer and the customer or the customer can go ahead and sue with the aim of acquiring a court settlement of the fall out now that the dealer was unwilling to accept the first remedy.Though this would be costly on both of them, though the customer has better chances of winning the case because he can easily prove that though a verbal contract existed between them, it could be identified as an enforceable contract using the six essential elements of an enforceable contract. Based on this ev idence the court will definitely find the phone dealer guilty of breach of contract because he did not meet one of the major conditions of the contract between him and the customer.This will culminate into a stiffer punishment for the dealer which would have been avoided if he met all the conditions of the contract initially. In conclusion, though a verbal contract existed between the dealer and the customer, it can still be identified as an enforceable contract using the six essential elements of an enforceable contract and then the phone dealer is liable for the breach of contract. References Adamson, J. E. (2012). Law for business and personal use. Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning.

Nine Dragons Paper Essay

1.How does MRs. Cheung Think?What does she believein when it comes to building her business? Mrs. Cheung is a very innovative person. Her thinking is extremely positive, creative, advance and quite original. She possess perseverance, determination with a business and marketing mentality and with her know-how business approaches, constructed a corporation that was a leading force in the industry. Her creativeness and originality is evident as she was the first to procedure waste paper to create packaging paper. When it comes to building her company, she believes in expansion, premeditated and tactical planning .2 .How would you summarize the companys financial status? How does it reflect the business development goals and strategies employed by Mrs. Cheung? NDP has been investing at an incredible pace best demonstrated by comparing the companys cash flows from operating activities in 2007 and 2008 with the cash flows from investing activities. NDP has intelligibly been profitable in recent years, and demonstrates a high rate of profitability one would not ordinarily see in this type of semi-commodity found business NDPs rate of profitability, however, has been sliding, reflecting rising input prices and greater competitive markets for its products The companys increment debt burden is large and getting larger .3. Is NDP in trouble? How would your answer differ if you were an existing shareholder, a potential investor, or an analyst? The company still appears to be marginally profitable in this vexed business environment,but profitability is a concept which focuses more on the corporate income statement, not cash flows. The go is that it appears the company will need to borrow even more to survive the year. Existing shareholders are clearly down, and would like to see the company executive management take measures to improve share price earlier rather than later. They are, however, minority shareholders, Mrs. Cheung and family holding more than 70% of t he firm. Potential investors might see the company has a good bet, given the current share price low and the prospects for long-term competitiveness .